Note the remarkable resemblance in design between the proto-literate stamp seal (a) ca. 3000 BC and the clay stamp below (b). The later is from Catal Huyuk levels VI B to II C, ca. 5986 to 5797 BC. A similar resemblance can be seen between the button-shaped clay stamp with a handle (c) from Catal Huyuk and the stone stamp seal with a handle (d) from Tepe Gawra. The latter is copied from Homes-Fredericq and is described as transitional between the Uruk and Jemdt-Nasr period ca 3000 BC. The earlier clay stamps had a different funciton thatn the stone stamp seals. However, they seem to have influenced the shape and design of the latter.

Gorelick, .Leonard”The Origin and Development of the Ancient Near Eastern Cylinder Seal” Expedition Magazine 23.4 (1981): n. pag. Expedition Magazine. Penn Museum, 1981 Web. 03 Dec 2021 <http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/?p=4782>

Note the remarkable resemblance in design between the proto-literate stamp seal (a) ca. 3000 BC and the clay stamp below (b). The later is from Catal Huyuk levels VI B to II C, ca. 5986 to 5797 BC. A similar resemblance can be seen between the button-shaped clay stamp with a handle (c) from Catal Huyuk and the stone stamp seal with a handle (d) from Tepe Gawra. The latter is copied from Homes-Fredericq and is described as transitional between the Uruk and Jemdt-Nasr period ca 3000 BC. The earlier clay stamps had a different funciton thatn the stone stamp seals. However, they seem to have influenced the shape and design of the latter.

Gorelick, .Leonard”The Origin and Development of the Ancient Near Eastern Cylinder Seal” Expedition Magazine 23.4 (1981): n. pag. Expedition Magazine. Penn Museum, 1981 Web. 03 Dec 2021 <http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/?p=4782>

A jug (Fig. 19, No. 15) was found at Megiddo, Tell el Far’ah, Jericho and other sites. Belongs to EB II and III levels. Also imported into Egypt. Found in First Dynasty tombs. ¹Kenyon 1965, 129-130; See also: Note 1 on pg. 130

Tomb 1101-1102 at Megiddo, type of toggle-pin with a swollen or club head. Also found at Ras Shamra in graves of the Middle Ugarit I period, associated with a cup of waisted profile decorated with strait and wavy incised lines, and with fenestrated axeheads of the type mentioned above. Associated with a group expert in metallurgy.¹Kenyon 1965, 158

The tombs at Ras Shamra were found in a fill underlying a temple which received offerings from Twelfth Dynasty Egypt in the 20th century BC. “A terminal date of 2000 BC is thus indicated in northern Syria.”²Kenyon 1965, 158

Another type of pin, a mushroom headed pin and a pin with a curled head were found in the shaft tombs at Megiddo. They are paralleled at Brak in a level dated to 2200 BC. ³Kenyon 1965, 159